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No. 7 Squadron RAF

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No. 7 Squadron RAF
Squadron badge
Active
  • 1914–1914 (RFC)
  • 1914–1918 (RFC)
  • 1918–1919
  • 1923–1940
  • 1940–1956
  • 1956–1962
  • 1970–1982
  • 1982–present
[1]
CountryUnited Kingdom
BranchRoyal Air Force
TypeFlying squadron
Role
Part ofJoint Special Forces Aviation Wing
StationRAF Odiham
Motto(s)Per diem, per noctem
(Latin for 'By day and by night')
AircraftBoeing Chinook HC6
Insignia
Aircraft tail codesLT (Nov 1938 – Sep 1939)
MG (Aug 1940 – Apr 1951)
XU (Jun 1943 – 1945)
EA-EZ (present)

No. 7 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force which operates the Boeing Chinook HC6 from RAF Odiham, Hampshire in the a special operations support role.

History

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Formation and early years (1914–1919)

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No. 7 Squadron was formed at Farnborough Airfield on 1 May 1914 (1914-5-1) as the last squadron of the Royal Flying Corps to be formed before the First World War,[2] but has been disbanded and reformed several times since, the first being after only three months of existence,[3] the latter as early as 28 September 1914.[4] The squadron spent most of the First World War in observation and interception roles and was responsible for the first ever interception of an enemy aircraft over Britain.[5]

The squadron deployed to France in April 1915, flying the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.5 for reconnaissance and the Vickers Gunbuse as escort fighters. Captain John Aidan Liddell of No. 7 Squadron was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 31 July 1915, when he continued his reconnaissance mission over Belgium after the aircraft was hit by ground fire, the aircraft being badly damaged and Liddell suffering a broken thigh. Although he successfully recovered the R.E.5 to allied lines, saving his observer, he died of his wounds a month later.[6][7]

The squadron re-equipped with the Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 in 1916,[6] which it used for both bombing and reconnaissance during the Battle of the Somme that year.[8] The B.E.2 was replaced by the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in July 1917, continuing in the reconnaissance role for the rest of the war, operating in Ypres during the Battle of Passchendaele in the summer and autumn of 1917 and in support of Belgium forces in the closing months of the war. The squadron disbanded at the end of 1919.[6][9]

To Bomber Command (1923–1939)

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No. 7 Squadron re-formed at RAF Bircham Newton on 1 June 1923 with the Vickers Vimy as a night heavy bomber squadron, continuing in this role with a succession of types through the inter-war period.[10] It started to receive the Vickers Virginia bomber on 22 May 1924, being the first RAF squadron to operate the Virginia,[11] although it did not dispose of the last of its Vimys until April 1927.[12] In 1927, it moved to RAF Worthy Down, commanded by Charles Portal, later to become Chief of the Air Staff during the Second World War.[10] In 1932, Frederick Higginson, who became a fighter ace in the Second World War, was assigned as a mechanic-gunner to the squadron.[13]

The squadron gained a reputation as being one of the leading RAF heavy bomber squadrons, winning the Lawrence Minot Memorial Bombing Trophy six times between 1927 and 1933 and shared in 1934 with No. 54 Squadron, achieving an average bombing error of 40 yards (37 m).[14] By this time, the elderly Virginia was obsolete and in April 1935 they were replaced by the more modern Handley Page Heyford, with which the squadron won the Lawrence Minot trophy yet again in 1935. Part of the squadron was split off in October 1935 to form No. 102 Squadron, while the remainder moved to RAF Finningley in September 1936. In April 1937 the squadron received four Vickers Wellesleys to equip a flight which was again split off to form No. 76 Squadron.[10][15]

In March 1938, the squadron replaced its Heyford biplanes with monoplanes from Armstrong Whitworth Whitley . It re-equipped again in April 1939, with Handley Page Hampden bombers replacing the Whitleys. In June 1939, it became a training unit, preparing crews for the Hampden equipped No. 5 Group.[16][17]

Second World War (1939–1945)

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No. 7 Squadron Short Stirling "S for Sugar" at RAF Oakington during the early 1940s

On the outbreak of the Second World War, it continued to be used for training bomber crews, disbanding on 4 April 1940 when it merged with No. 76 Squadron to form No. 16 Operational Training Unit.[16] On 1 August 1940, it reformed, becoming the first squadron to equip with the new Short Stirling heavy bomber. It was the first RAF squadron to operate four engined bombers during the Second World War, flying the first bombing raids with the Stirling against oil storage tanks near Rotterdam on the night of 10th and 11th February 1941.[6][18] The squadron flew on the thousand-bomber raids to Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June 1942.[10] It was transferred to the Pathfinder Force in August 1942, with the job of finding and marking targets for the Main Force of Bomber Command bombers.[6]

The squadron re-equipped with the Avro Lancaster from 11 May 1943,[19] flying its first mission with the Lancaster on 12 July 1943.[20] It continued in the Pathfinder role until the end of the war in Europe. It flew its last bomber mission on 25 April 1945 against Wangerooge in Germany, and dropped food to starving civilians in the Netherlands in May. It was planned to relocate No. 7 Squadron to the Far East to join Tiger Force for air attacks against Japan, however the war ended before the squadron was due to move.[21] The squadron carried out 5,060 operational sorties with the loss of 165 aircraft.[22]

Cold War (1945–1990s)

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After the Second World War, the squadron was equipped with Avro Lincoln bombers, an update of the Lancaster. Based at RAF Upwood, the Lincoln was for several years the front line Cold War bomber aircraft. It was used in the Malayan emergency, the Middle East, the Trucial States (the Emirates) and then Aden. The squadron disbanded on 2 January 1956, before reforming with the Vickers Valiant at RAF Honington in Suffolk in December that year, flying in the strategic bomber role until disbanding in 1962.[6] No. 7 Squadron was reformed in 1970, this time as a target towing squadron flying the English Electric Canberra until January 1982.[23]

The squadron reformed in the support helicopter role, receiving the Boeing Chinooks HC1 in September 1982.[24] The Chinook HC2, equivalent to the US Army CH-47D standard, began to enter RAF service in 1993. Following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the squadron took part in Operation Granby, the UK's deployment to the Gulf in 1991.[25]

An RAF Chinook HC2 during 2008

On 2 June 1994, a No. 7 Squadron Chinook HC2 (ZD576) crashed into the Mull of Kintyre while carrying 25 senior members of the British security forces from RAF Aldergrove near Belfast to Inverness. All passengers and the four crew were killed.[26]

21st century (2000 – present)

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In April 2001, No. 7 Squadron became part of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing, with a role to support the United Kingdom Special Forces.[27] On 19 August 2009, a Chinook made an emergency landing in Afghanistan after being hit by a rocket-propelled grenade.[28]

In March 2020, the squadron was awarded the right to emblazon battle honours on its squadron standard, recognising its role in the British military intervention in Sierra Leone in 2000 and the War in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2014.[29]

Aircraft operated

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After being formed at Farnborough in 1914, and before moving to France in 1915, No. 7 Squadron operated a number of different types on an experimental basis, sometimes for very short periods of time.[30] These types include;[citation needed]

Other minor types that were operated after this date, either briefly or only in lesser capacities include;[citation needed]

The main types of aircraft operated by No. 7 Squadron include:[30][10][31]

Heritage

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No. 7 Squadron's badge features on a hurt, seven mullets of six points forming a representation of the constellation Ursa Major. It was approved by King George VI in June 1939.[32][33]

The squadron's motto is Per diem, per noctem (Latin for 'By day and by night').[34]

Battle honours

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No. 7 Squadron has received the following battle honours. Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.[35][36]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 29
  2. ^ Halley 1988, p. 32.
  3. ^ West 1974, p. 1.
  4. ^ West 1974, p. 2.
  5. ^ The Air Defence of Britain 1914–1918, Cole & Cheeseman
  6. ^ a b c d e f Ashworth 1989, p. 41.
  7. ^ Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 590–591.
  8. ^ Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 591–592.
  9. ^ Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, p. 591.
  10. ^ a b c d e f RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary: No. 7 Squadron Archived 22 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine Royal Air Force. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  11. ^ Thetford Aeroplane Monthly June 1993, p. 34.
  12. ^ Thetford Aeroplane Monthly December 1992, p. 32.
  13. ^ "The Airmen's Stories – P/O F W Higginson" Archived 7 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Battle of Britain London Monument. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
  14. ^ Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, pp. 592–593.
  15. ^ Halley 1980, pp. 28–29.
  16. ^ a b Halley 1980, p. 28.
  17. ^ Yoxall Flight 18 May 1951, p. 593.
  18. ^ Bowyer 2002, pp. 53–54.
  19. ^ Lewis 1959, p. 15.
  20. ^ Yoxall Flight 25 May 1951, p. 622.
  21. ^ Yoxall 25 May 1951, p. 624.
  22. ^ Falconer 2003, page 239
  23. ^ Ashworth 1989, pp. 41–42.
  24. ^ Ashworth 1989, p. 42.
  25. ^ Napier, Michael (2018). The Royal Air Force: A Centenary of Operations. Osprey. p. 262. ISBN 978-1472825407.
  26. ^ "Select Committee on Chinook ZD 576, Part 3: Factual Background". UK Parliament. 2002. Retrieved 3 November 2006.
  27. ^ "JSFAW - Responsibilities and Composition". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014.
  28. ^ Bingham, John; Harding, Thomas (20 August 2009). "RAF Chinook helicopter shot down in Afghanistan in Taliban election 'spectacular'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  29. ^ "RAF Squadrons Receive Battle Honours from Her Majesty The Queen". Royal Air Force. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  30. ^ a b "No 7 Squadron". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  31. ^ "7 squadron History (archived 2016)". raf.mod.uk (archived). Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  32. ^ "7 Sqn". RAF Heraldry Trust. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
  33. ^ "7 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
  34. ^ Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 170. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
  35. ^ "7 Squadron / Battle Honours (Unfortunately the raf.mod.uk site is riddled with typos at this time; better citations will hopefully follow later)". Raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  36. ^ "7 Squadron / Battle Honours (archived 2016)". raf.mod.uk (archived). Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  37. ^ a b "News (24 Mar 2020) RAF squadrons receive battle honours from HM The Queen". raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  38. ^ "News (10 Oct 2017) RAF squadrons recognised for gallantry". raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 4 March 2025.

Bibliography

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  • Ashworth, Chris. Encyclopedia of Modern Royal Air Force Squadrons. Wellingborough, UK:PSL, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-013-6.
  • Bowyer, Michael J.F. The Stirling Story. Manchester: Crécy Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0-947554-91-2.
  • Docherty, Tom. Bomber Squadron No.7, The World War 2 Record. Pen & Sword Aviation, 2007. ISBN 1-84415-481-5.
  • J Falconer, Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945, 2003, Sutton Publishing, Stroud, England, ISBN 0-7509-3171-X.
  • Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians), 1980. ISBN 0-85130-083-9.
  • Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  • Lewis, Peter. Squadron Histories: R.F.C, R.N.A.S and R.A.F., 1912–59. London: Putnam, 1959.
  • Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1964 (new edition 1976). ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
  • Rawlings, John D.R. Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.
  • Thetford, Owen. "By Day and By Night: Part Seven: Vickers Vimy Service History". Aeroplane Monthly, December 1992. London:IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 30–38.
  • Thetford, Owen. "By Day and By Night: Ginnies in Service :Part 1". Aeroplane Monthly, June 1993. London:IPC. ISSN 0143-7240. pp. 32–39.
  • Ward, Chris. Royal Air Force Bomber Command Squadron Profiles no. 1: 7 Squadron (Per Diem Per Noctem). Published by the author, no ISBN.
  • West, Flt Lt R.J. Nothing Heard After Take-off: A Short History of No. 7 Squadron Royal Air Force, 1914–1974. St Mawgan, Newquay, Cornwall, UK: The Lithoprint Company, 1974.
  • Yoxall, John. "No. 7 Squadron: The History of a Famous Bomber Squadron: Part I".Flight, 18 May 1951. Vol LIX, No. 2208. pp. 589–593.
  • Yoxall, John "No. 7 Squadron: The History of a Famous Bomber Squadron: Part II". Flight, 25 May 1951. Vol. LIX, No. 2209. pp. 620–624.

Further reading

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  • McMullon, David (1998). Chinook! : the Special Forces Flight in War and Peace. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671015992.
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